Engineered IL-2-diphtheria toxin fusion protein denileukin diftitox for the treatment of rare forms of cancer

LYMPHIRTM is a novel immunotherapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory (r/r) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. On August 7, 2024, the FDA approved LYMPHIR (denileukin diftitox-cxdl) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory Stage I-III CTCL after at least one prior systemic therapy.

Please refer to the LYMPHIR Prescribing Information to learn more. 

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We believe LYMPHIRTM is a novel targeted oncology asset with an attractive near-term revenue opportunity and a substantially de-risked path to support commercial success. Patient enrollment in a global, multicenter, open-label, single-arm Pivotal Phase 3 study of LYMPHIRTM in participants with persistent or recurrent CTCL was completed in December 2021. 

Citius plans to further explore the potential of LYMPHIRTM to treat larger patient populations with additional indications in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and immuno-oncology. 

Denileukin diftitox was approved in Japan for the treatment of CTCL and PTCL in 2021. Citius’s exclusive license include rights to develop and commercialize LYMPHIRTM in all markets except for Japan and certain parts of Asia.

Program Highlights

  • Phase 3 Pivotal trial completed December 2021; top line results are consistent with the prior formulation
  • The FDA approved LYMPHIR on August 7, 2024 
  • Considered a new biologic by the FDA, LYMPHIRTM would potentially be eligible for 12 years of exclusivity, if approved

How It Works

LYMPHIRTM is a recombinant engineered fusion protein that combines interleukin-2 and diphtheria toxin. The agent specifically binds to IL-2 receptors on the cell surface, causing diphtheria toxin fragments that have entered cells to inhibit protein synthesis.  Its unique mechanism of action targets both malignant T-cells and immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Transiently eliminating Tregs has the potential of unleashing potent immune responses by the patient’s immune system against their tumors.  

In recent preclinical studies, denileukin diftitox has demonstrated the ability to deplete murine Tregs in-vivo and human Tregs ex vivo. In addition, the combination of denileukin diftitox with anti-m-PD1 showed improved tumor response and very significant improvement in survival in the combination groups relative to either therapy alone in a syngeneic mouse solid tumor model. 

Based on these data, two investigator-initiated trials are underway to evaluate the potential safety and efficacy of: 1) LYMPHIRTM in combination with Pembrolizumab (anti-PD 1) in patients with recurrent or metastatic solid tumors (Title: The efficacy of T-regulatory cell depletion with E7777 combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab, in recurrent or metastatic solid tumors: Phase I/II Study. NCT05200559); and 2) LYMPHIRTM given prior to lymphodepletion (LD) chemotherapy and CAR-T therapies for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) considered at a high risk for failure from KYMRIAH® alone (Title: Phase I/II Trial Using E7777 to Enhance Regulatory T-Cell Depletion Prior to CAR-T Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). ). These are pre-clinical trials, the results of which will determine whether we seek regulatory approval for the respective product candidate and indication.

 

LYMPHIRTM exerts cytotoxic action by IL-2R binding, internalization and cellular toxicity

LYMPHIRTM unleashes potent immune responses against the tumors by transiently eliminating Treg cells